The goal of apple tree pruning should be to manage the size of the tree
while properly maintaining fruit
producing limbs. A central leader should remain, but the trees energy should be
directed to side
branches. This is why apple trees and other fruits have sometimes been trained
on a trellis
or ‘espaliered’.
In your orchard you should remember that your trees have most likely been
grafted on to selected
rootstocks to maintain desired qualities. This can often lead to instability if
the tree crown grows larger
than the root system can handle. This is an important factor in tree pruning
schedules. Apple trees
should be pruned every year especially when they are young. Late winter before
buds open is the best
season for this work. Trees should also be pruned to remove dead, damaged or
competing limbs and
to allow some sun and air penetration to the crown interior.
Shearing or lopping of limbs should be avoided.
Apple trees are usually very hardy and can survive despite numerous diseases
and insect pests. If
reliable fruiting is desired however, these pests will have to be suppressed.
Minimal treatment must include dormant oil applications in early spring and
at least one insecticide
treatment as the young fruit forms. A more effective program will call for 4-6
spray treatments
throughout the season including fungicides and insecticides at the appropriate
times. Many naturally
derived pesticides are now available that are both safe and effective. These
pesticides should be able
to break down rapidly and not persist in the environment if used properly. A
certified arborist and
licensed pesticide applicator should be consulted before considering pesticide
use.
Planting of apple trees is best in full sun locations with good air
circulation to help reduce fungal
problems. Low sloping hillsides are ideal.
Apple trees should be fertilized in the fall of the year. Minimal nitrogen rates should be used.
Prepared by Brian Beaty, ISA, MAA Certified Arborist